ʻIke aniani, nani a me ke kala, ka nani o ke aniani mai ka Qing Dynasty

Aniani Kina Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ma ka ʻAhahui Zhou Komohana a ua ulu nui i ka ʻAhahui Qing. I ka makahiki 35 o ke au o Kangxi (1690), ua kūkulu ʻia ka hale hana aniani o ke Keʻena Kūkulu Hale Aliʻi ʻo Qing. I ka wā o Kangxi, Yongzheng, a me Qianlong, ua hoʻohui nā mea hana lima Kina i nā mea Kina a me ke Komohana e hana i kahi ʻano aniani kū hoʻokahi. Me ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika o ka lāhui i ka hopena o ka ʻAhahui Qing, ua emi mālie ka hana ʻana o ke aniani ma ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Qing, akā ua komo ka nui o nā huahana aniani Komohana a me ka Hikina i ke Kulanakauhale Kapu. Ua lawe mālie nā aniani nani a makamae o ka ʻaha aliʻi ʻo Qing i nā kala o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO nā kala ʻālohilohi a me nā ʻano momona o ke aniani ʻo Qing, he mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma ka mōʻaukala o ke aniani Kina.

Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka bākeke ʻōpala aniani aniani poni i ka wā waena

ʻO ka ʻōmole ʻōpala aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo aniani (ʻike mua) waena o ke kahua hoʻomaʻemaʻe

Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka bākeke ʻōpala aniani aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka wā waena

ʻO ka ʻōpala aniani lepo aniani aniani ʻōlinolino (ʻike mua) waena o ke kahua hoʻomaʻemaʻe

Pākeke ʻōpala aniani lepo aniani aniani ʻōlinolino, waena o ke kahua hoʻomaʻemaʻe

Polū Aniani moakaka Nānā Kūlike ʻo Qing Qianlong

ʻAha aniani polū moakaka (kiʻi kikoʻī) Qing Qianlong

ʻŌmole aniani polū moakaka, Qing Qianlong

ʻŌmole pepeiao pālua waha pua aniani aniani moakaka lani

ʻŌmole pepeiao pālua waha pua aniani aniani lani polū (kiʻi kikoʻī) moakaka

Polū Komohana Moakaka Kīʻaha Aniani ʻEulopa o ke kenekulia 19

ʻŌmole ʻāina pālua aniani melemele Qing Qianlong

ʻŌmole aniani aniani komohana i hoʻonaninani ʻia me ke ʻano chrysanthemum mai ʻEulopa i ke kenekulia 19

ʻŌmole aniani aniani komohana i hoʻohālike ʻia me ke chrysanthemum (kiʻi kikoʻī) ʻEulopa o ke kenekulia 19

Keʻokeʻo i hoʻonohonoho ʻia he aniani ʻulaʻula lau maiʻa i wili ʻia i ka pua pulelehua me ke ʻano o ka ipu pepeiao pālua Qing Qianlong

ʻŌmole keʻokeʻo aniani ʻulaʻula peach bat patterned, Qing Qianlong

ʻŌmole puna ipu jade aniani ʻulaʻula pālua e alualu ana i ka momi keʻokeʻo Qing Qianlong

ʻO ka deragona aniani polū keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻōmole phoenix i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, Qing Qianlong

01 Hana puhi paʻakikī
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka "Yanshan Zaji · Liuli" i ka wā o ka Ming Dynasty, aia nā mea puhi e like me nā kukui pehu, nā ʻōmole iʻa, a me nā maka o Buddha i hana i ke "aupuni hakahaka". ʻO nā mea hoʻohui jade hoʻohālike aniani i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o ka Ming Dynasty wale nō i koe i kēia lā. ʻO ke ʻano aniani i hoʻolauna ʻia mai ʻEulopa mai i ka wā o ka Qing Dynasty i ʻae i nā hana puhi paʻakikī. Ma waho aʻe o ka puhi manuahi ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka puhi ʻana i ka ʻōpala he ala nui ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī. E hoʻoluʻu i kahi ʻōmole puhi metala i loko o ka probe mea aniani a puhi i loko o ka ʻōpala. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, e wehe i ka ʻōpala a hoʻowali iā ia, me ka hoʻohui ʻia e ke kālai ʻana a me ka pena ʻana.

ʻŌmole ʻewalu aniani aniani polū ʻālohilohi Qing Yongzheng

Nā hua aniani kala like ʻole no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana

Hoʻolako hua aniani kala (kiʻi kikoʻī) moakāka

ʻŌmole aniani ʻehā kala, Qing Qianlong

02 mau seti aniani

ʻO ke aniani uhi ka hui pū ʻana o ka ʻenehana uhi aniani a me ka ʻenehana kālai ʻana, me ke kala o ke kumu ma ke alo a me ke kala o ka uhi waho i ʻōlelo ʻia ma hope. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ʻo kekahi e uhi i ke aniani monochrome me ke aniani monochrome; ʻO ka lua o ke ʻano hana he "hui pū", ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻopili hapa ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā ʻāpana aniani kala like ʻole ma luna o ka substrate, a laila kālai ʻia iā lākou ma kahi kūloko.

ʻO ke aniani keʻokeʻo me nā ʻano peʻa pālua a me ka wai i ke ʻano melon, Qianlong o ka wā Qing

ʻŌmole ʻūhini aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hoʻolālā ʻia me ka melemele

Keʻokeʻo i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka aniani uliuli lau maiʻa i wili ʻia i ka pua pepeiao pālua Qing Qianlong

ʻO ke aniani polū aniani keʻokeʻo i hoʻopili ʻia i ka lau maiʻa pua i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka ipu pepeiao pālua (kiʻi kikoʻī) Qing Qianlong

Kīʻaha keʻokeʻo aniani polū lotus i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, Qing Qianlong

Keʻokeʻo hoʻonohonoho aniani uliuli lotus i hoʻopili ʻia i ke pola (kiʻi kikoʻī) Qing Qianlong

03 Pena Aniani

ʻO ke pena aniani kahi ʻano pena e hoʻohana ana i ke aniani ma ke ʻano he mea hana. Ma muli o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o ke kiʻi ma lalo o ke aniani, pono e hahai i ke kaʻina o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā kikoʻī ma mua o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o ke kua kala i ka wā o ke kaʻina pena ʻana, kahi mea kūʻē i ke kaʻina pena maʻamau. Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻomohala koke ka Qing Dynasty hope i ke ʻano hana pena kūloko me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wēlau peni piʻo, kahi i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā mea hana liʻiliʻi e like me nā ʻōmole snatch.

Ke pena ʻana o nā wahine Komohana i ke aniani pena moakaka

Ke Kiʻi Aniani o nā Wahine Komohana (Kiʻi kikoʻī) Qing

Kiʻikuhi Mahiʻai a me ka Ulana ʻana i ke Aniani Pena Moakaka

Kiʻikuhi Hana Mahiʻai a me ka Ulana ʻana i ke Aniani (Kiʻi) Moakaka

04 aniani i kālai ʻia

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke aniani i kālai ʻia i ke ʻano kālai daimana a me ke ʻano kālai kaʻa. He kakaikahi nō nā aniani kālai daimana mai ka wā ʻo Kangxi. Ua hoʻomaka kēia ʻano hana ma Venice i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 16, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai kahi peni kālai daimana ma luna o nā ʻili aniani no ka pena ʻana a me ka wili ʻana. I ka wā ʻo Yongzheng, ua hoʻoulu nui ʻia ke aniani kālai ʻia mai nā ʻano kālai jade kuʻuna, i kapa pinepine ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo "ka ʻano kālai kaʻa".

Ipu pua i kālai ʻia me ke aniani aniani polū sapphire komohana mai ʻEulopa mai ke kenekulia 19

ʻO ka ipu pua i kālai ʻia me ke aniani ʻālohilohi uliuli Komohana (kiʻi kikoʻī) ʻEulopa i ke kenekulia 19

Kīʻaha ʻano pulelehua i kālai ʻia me ke aniani moakaka ʻAmber, Qing Qianlong

ʻAno aniani moakaka i kālai ʻia i ka pua a me nā hua me ke kīʻaha wāwae kiʻekiʻe maopopo

Kīʻaha wāwae kiʻekiʻe i kālai ʻia me ka pua a me nā hua i ke aniani moakaka (kiʻi kikoʻī)

05 Aniani Gula

ʻO ke aniani Baojin ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i nā laina ʻeleʻele maikaʻi a like ma luna o ka ʻili o nā aniani monochrome, a laila e hoʻopili i ke kāpili gula a me ka foil i loko o nā laina e hana i kahi ʻano gula. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kēia ʻano hana ma ka huki ʻana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana mai ka ʻenehana lacquerware a he mea hoʻonaninani kū hoʻokahi ia o ke aniani o ka ʻaha aliʻi Qing.

ʻO ke aniani polū lani, ke gula i wili ʻia i ke kumu lāʻau tripod umu Qing Qianlong

ʻO ka ipu aniani polū lani me nā lālā i wahī ʻia i ke gula a me nā ʻano pua, Qing Qianlong

06 Aniani Venus

Ua kapa ʻia ke aniani Venus ma muli o nā ʻāpana kristal e ʻālohilohi ana me ke kukui gula i loko o kona kino. Ua hoʻolauna mua ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he ʻano aniani hou ma Venice i ke kenekulia 15 a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "Wendorina stone" a i ʻole "Kashlun" ma nā waihona o ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Qing. I nā makahiki mua o ke au aliʻi ʻo Qianlong, ua hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻia kēia ʻano i loko o kahi hale hana aniani ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a nā misionari. Ma muli o kona paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī i ka puhi ʻana, ua kālai ʻia ka hapa nui o nā aniani Venus e kū nei me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano kālai jade, me kekahi mau mea i loaʻa nā ʻāpana aniani Venus i hoʻokomo ʻia ma waho o ke kino metala.

ʻO ka huila keleawe i hoʻokomo ʻia me ke aniani hōkū gula, ka mea paʻa peni haki hau, moakāka

ʻO ka huila keleawe i hoʻokomo ʻia me ka mea paʻa peni aniani hōkū gula (kiʻi kikoʻī) moakaka

Ke kālai ʻana i ke aniani Venus Cloud Phoenix Pattern Hoʻohui pālua Wai City Flower Insert Clear

07 Nā mea hoʻomanaʻo moʻomeheu nani hou aʻe

Aniani keʻokeʻo, nā kiko ʻulaʻula, ipu pua, moakāka

Ke aniani keʻokeʻo i wahī ʻia me ka silika kala a me ka ʻōmole aniani hoʻohālike ʻōwili, Qing Qianlong

ʻŌmole aniani keʻokeʻo i wahī ʻia me ka silika kala (kiʻi kikoʻī) Qing Qianlong

Pena kino aniani i ka pua enamel a me ka ʻōmole pena manu Qing Qianlong

ʻO Diancui i hoʻokomo ʻia me ke aniani, nā mamo me ke ʻano Bandai, pua poʻo, moakāka

ʻO ke kūpeʻe lima lōʻihi o ke aniani ʻulaʻula i uhi ʻia i ka hau ʻo Feixue, maopopo

ʻO ke aniani moakaka i kālai ʻia me ka liona e hoʻolei ana i ka pōpō moakāka

ʻŌmole pāpale pepeiao pālua i wahī ʻia me ke aniani kala Komohana, Venice kenekulia 18

ʻŌmole pāpale pepeiao pālua aniani i wahī ʻia i ke kala Komohana (kiʻi kikoʻī) Venice kenekulia 18