E ʻike i ke aniani kristal

Kīʻaha aniani ʻO ka maʻamau, pili ia i ke kīʻaha a i ʻole ke aniani waina i hana ʻia me ke aniani kristal ʻole alakaʻi hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia. Me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻenehana a me ka hana lima, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke aniani kristal ma ke ʻano he kīʻaha kī a ua lilo ia i mea punahele o ka poʻe ʻano hou i ka wā hou; ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe ke aniani waina kristal maʻamau. Makemake nui ʻia nā kristal alakaʻi ʻole e nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea hana hana ma muli o ko lākou ʻoi aku ka transparency a me ka ʻōlinolino. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo nā kīʻaha kristal he ʻano kīʻaha aniani hoʻi, a ʻo kā lākou mea nui he silicon dioxide, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea e like me ke kēpau, barium, zinc, a me titanium. Ma muli o kona transparency kiʻekiʻe a me ka refractive index, he ʻano laumania a aniani kēia ʻano aniani, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he aniani kristal. Inā hoʻokomo ʻia ke kēpau, he kristal alakaʻi ia. Inā hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea e like me ka barium, zinc, titanium, he kristal alakaʻi ʻole ia. Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai ma waena o nā mea ʻelua? Ma ka pā wale nō. Ma muli o ka conductivity thermal ikaika o ke kristal i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke aniani, ʻoi aku ka anuanu o ka hoʻopā ʻana i ke kristal me nā lima ma mua o ka hoʻopā ʻana i ke aniani. E nānā pono i ka paʻakikī. ʻO ka paʻakikī o ke kristal kūlohelohe he 7, a ʻo ka paʻakikī o ke aniani he 5, no laila hiki i ke kristal ke kālai i ke aniani. E nānā i ka ʻōkuhi refractive ʻekolu manawa. E hāpai i ke kīʻaha kristal a hoʻohuli iā ia i ke kukui, a e ʻike ʻoe ua like ia me kahi hana lima nani, keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe, moakāka, e hōʻike ana i ke kukui kala nani. No ka mea hiki i nā kristal ke omo i ka luster, ʻoiai nā kukuna ultraviolet, ʻaʻohe luster o nā aniani maʻamau, ʻaʻole hoʻi e haʻi i ka refraction. E hoʻolohe i nā leo ʻehā. Ke kī mālie a pā paha i ka ipu me kou mau manamana lima, hiki i nā aniani kristal ke hana i kahi leo metala ʻoi a me kahi leo lōʻihi nani i ka lewa, ʻoiai ʻo nā aniani maʻamau e hoʻopuka wale i kahi leo "kaomi, kaomi".

Kaʻina hana a me nā ʻano. Hana ʻia ke kino kīʻaha kristal me ke aniani kristal kiʻekiʻe a hana pono ʻia a puhi ʻia me nā akamai maikaʻi loa. Hoʻohana ia i kahi kaʻina hana puhi wela kiʻekiʻe o 640 ℃ e hiki ai i kahi koʻikoʻi o ka heheʻe ʻana o ke aniani kristal, he moakāka, maʻemaʻe a ʻaʻohe ʻawaʻawa. I ka manawa like, hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana annealing e hōʻoia i hiki i ke kino kīʻaha ke kū i nā loli koke o ka wela a me ke anu, pale pahū a pale haki, ʻaʻohe huelo vacuum, a he mau ʻano o ka moakāka kiʻekiʻe, manaʻo kristal ikaika, pale ʻaʻahu, a pēlā aku. He aniani moakāka, nani a lokomaikaʻi. I ka manawa like, loaʻa i ka hoʻolālā aniani pālua kahi hopena pale anuanu a me ka wela; Hoʻopili ʻia ka waha kīʻaha me ka ʻenehana kūikawā, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻono ʻoluʻolu i ka wā e ʻai ʻia ai; ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻoi aku ka kūpono i ka hoʻolālā, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mea hoʻohana. Nā pono o nā kīʻaha kristal: Ma ke ʻano he lālā koʻikoʻi o nā huahana kīʻaha, ua hōʻike mālie nā huahana kīʻaha kristal i ko lākou mau pono i ka wai inu. ʻO nā pono o nā huahana kīʻaha kristal: he laumania ka ʻili o ka mea aniani kristal, maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, olakino a maʻemaʻe hoʻi, ʻoiai nā kīʻaha kila kila, nā kīʻaha lepo poni, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he mau hakahaka ma ko lākou mau ʻili i hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe. Hoʻopili maʻalahi ʻia nā bacteria, nā haumia, nā ʻōpala kī, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe a paʻakikī ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe; He moakaka a maʻemaʻe nā kīʻaha kristal, e ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻike i ke ʻano a me ke kala o ke kī i hoʻomoʻa ʻia a me nā mea inu ʻē aʻe, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻike sensory ʻoluʻolu; Loaʻa i nā kīʻaha kristal kahi hopena hoʻoluʻolu a me ka hoʻomehana, a loaʻa iā ia ka hopena hoʻomoʻa kī maikaʻi loa, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka ʻono maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomoʻa hou ʻana o ke kī. Hiki i ke ʻano hakahaka o nā kīʻaha kila kila ke hoʻopili maʻalahi i nā lau kī i ka wā e hoʻomoʻa ai, e hoʻopilikia ana i ka ʻono; ʻOkoʻa a hana maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻano kala ma ke kīʻaha kristal, e hoʻokō ana i ka mea inu i loko o ke kīʻaha a hōʻike i ka ʻono o ka mea hoʻohana; Crystal kiʻekiʻe Nā kīʻaha aniani, me kā lākou hana lima lima a me ka hoʻopili nani, ua lilo i mau makana maikaʻi loa a me nā mea hōʻiliʻili.